洛下日初长,江南春欲半。
时光共抛掷,人事堪嗟叹。——白居易
(以下故事,纯属虚构。若有雷同,无需介意)。
吃饭的时候,问一对小朋友,如果我们给一对结婚8年的夫妻传福音,其中一人信主了,是好事还是坏事?
答曰:自然是好事。
再问:如此情况,教会当如何处置?
笑答:无需处置。
问:圣经依据?
踌躇曰:哥林多前书7章10-16节。
再问,若一对恋人,热爱8年(4年本科,3年研究生,1年工作攒首付),感情深笃,计划要结婚。婚礼前一天,其中一方信主了,是好事还是坏事?
答曰:信主自然是好事。
再问:如此情况,教会当如何处置?
答:信与不信,不能同负一轭……
问:依据?
答曰:信与不信,不能同负一轭……
关于哥林多前书7章,按照哥顿·费依(Gordon Fee)那本bestcommentaries.com上排名最佳福音派哥林多前书注释(NICNT)的说明(麦种出版过这本书的中文版,不过我手边没有,不知道中文版是如何处理的),重点在于18-20节:
18 有人已受割礼蒙召呢,就不要废割礼;有人未受割礼蒙召呢,就不要受割礼。
19 受割礼算不得甚么,不受割礼也算不得甚么,只要守神的诫命就是了。
20 各人蒙召的时候是甚么身分,仍要守住这身分。
这个主题在24节又重复了一遍:
24 弟兄们,你们各人蒙召的时候是甚么身分,仍要在神面前守住这身分。
费依对这一章的整体看法是,保罗在关于婚姻的教导上,基本原则是不论信仰状态如何变化,不要轻易改变婚姻的状态,或者世俗的身份)。用费依自己的总结,一个字Remain:
vv. 1-7 —to the married: stay married with full conjugal rights
vv. 8-9 —to the “unmarried” and widows: it is good to remain unmarried
vv. 10-11—to the married (both partners believers): remain married
vv. 12-16—to those with an unbelieving spouse: remain married
vv. 25-38—to “virgins”: it is good to remain unmarried
vv. 39-40—to married women (and widows): the married are bound to the marriage; when widowed it is good to remain that way
费依的解释很容易理解,但这里有一个关于和合本翻译的问题:
7:25 论到童身的人,我没有主的命令,但我既蒙主怜恤能作忠心的人,就把自己的意见告诉你们。
26 因现今的艰难,据我看来,人不如守素安常纔好。
27 你有妻子缠着呢,就不要求脱离;你没有妻子缠着呢,就不要求妻子。
28 你若娶妻,并不是犯罪;处女若出嫁,也不是犯罪。然而这等人肉身必受苦难,我却愿意你们免这苦难。
这里的“童身”和“处女”,ESV作“the betrothed”和“betrothed woman”,均代表已经订婚。
而36-38节,和合本作:
36 若有人以为自己待他的女儿不合宜,女儿也过了年岁,事又当行,他就可随意办理,不算有罪,叫二人成亲就是了。
37 倘若人心里坚定,没有不得已的事,并且由得自己作主,心里又决定了留下女儿不出嫁,如此行也好。
38 这样看来,叫自己的女儿出嫁是好,不叫他出嫁更是好。
ESV作:
36 If anyone thinks that he is not behaving properly toward his betrothed, if his passions are strong, and it has to be, let him do as he wishes: let them marry—it is no sin.
37 But whoever is firmly established in his heart, being under no necessity but having his desire under control, and has determined this in his heart, to keep her as his betrothed, he will do well.
38 So then he who marries his betrothed does well, and he who refrains from marriage will do even better.
费依领导的NIV的译文是这样:
36 If anyone is worried that he might not be acting honorably toward the virgin he is engaged to, and if his passions are too strong and he feels he ought to marry, he should do as he wants. He is not sinning. They should get married. 37But the man who has settled the matter in his own mind, who is under no compulsion but has control over his own will, and who has made up his mind not to marry the virgin—this man also does the right thing. 38So then, he who marries the virgin does right, but he who does not marry her does better.
如果接受费依对这一章的整体解释(我自己觉得可以接受,当然,读者应当完整地参考他的讨论),以及体现了当代福音派对这段经文基本理解的ESV和NIV的翻译,那么36节或许不是指一个人信主以后是否嫁女的问题,而是在讨论一个人订婚之后又信了主,是否可以娶自己的未婚妻的问题。
his betrothed,马太福音1章里约瑟打算悄悄休掉的马利亚就是他已经订婚的处女。娶自己的未婚妻,It is no sin,这不是罪,(和合本语气要迟疑一点,“这不算有罪”)。
另外,如果不打算结婚,也是要keep her as his betrothed,也就是说不能解除婚约,另外娶一位信主的处女。而这个决定,应当是自己做出(who is under no compulsion but has control over his own will)。
NASB1995作 virgin daughter, 斜体表示女儿一词在原始的希腊文本中不存在,是译者的理解。NASB2020则去掉了36-38中的daughter一词,显然也接受了费依等学者的研究结论,或者受到ESV的影响。
甚至天主教标准英文圣经也是如此:
36If any man thinks he is acting improperly toward the virgin he is engaged to, if she is getting beyond the usual age for marriage, and he feels he should marry — he can do what he wants. He is not sinning; they can get married. 37But he who stands firm in his heart (who is under no compulsion, but has control over his own will) and has decided in his heart to keep her as his fiancée, will do well. 38So, then, he who marries his fiancée does well, but he who does not marry will do better.
有一对年轻人从几百公里外的成都,从一个秋天会下雨的地方来到了重庆。我给他们讲了这个故事的结尾,一个虚构的悲伤结尾……
我看得见他们眼里一闪一闪的隐隐约约的悲伤。