本博客系列的目的

先强调一下汉语的特点,也就是这个系列特别注重的问题:

  1. 动词的时态、语态和主动/被动形式。
  2. 名词的单数和复数问题。

文本分析

不多说,直接上经文:

21 必有拯救者上到锡安山,审判以扫山;国度就归耶和华了。

这是俄巴底亚书的最后一节。老实说,我读了无数遍,一直没弄明白这句话的含义。

我总想,拯救者当然是指神了,按照希伯来诗歌的平行体看,也毫无问题。

但是,我想错了,这里的“拯救者”居然是复数!!!!

(ESV) 21 Saviors shall go up to Mount Zion to rule Mount Esau,
and the kingdom shall be the LORD’s.

NLT的翻译是:

21Those who have been rescued will go up to Mount Zion in Jerusalem
to rule over the mountains of Edom.
And the Lord himself will be king!”

希伯来文+英文直译:
Image

连我这个半吊子希伯来文的井底之蛙、沙漠之蜥都知道,mo-shi.'Im这个Im是复数形式。

有更好的中文译本吗?

[当代译本修订本]

21拯救者必登上锡安山,
统治以扫山,
耶和华必做王掌权。”

[和合本修订版]

21必有一些解救者上到锡安山,审判以扫山,
国度就归耶和华了。
原注:“一些解救者”:七十士译本是“一些被救出的人”。

[新译本]

21必有拯救者登锡安山,
审判以扫山,
国权就属于耶和华了。

[中文标准译本]
注:旧约还没有出版。

重要的技术性注释,作者都会自己翻译原文。下面给出最佳圣经注释指南网站上排名1-2的最佳俄巴底亚书注释——WBC和NICOT的翻译和文本注解。可以看到,顶尖的专家都倾向于“一些蒙拯救的人”,而不是译为“拯救者”。如果这里译为蒙拯救的人,尽管单复数还是不明,但大概不需要加上“一些”,也能明白是复数了。

WBC的翻译和注释

WBC的翻译是:

21 Those who have been rescued will go up to Mount Zion
to rule over the mountains of Esau
And to Yahweh will belong the kingdom.

关于 who have been rescued的文本注释是:
Image

NICOT注释

NICOT把17节和21节放在一起,认为是前后呼应(后边的数字是希伯来文的音节数):

17 But on Mount Zion
those who escaped will continue,
and it will be sacrosanct. 2+2+2
The community of Jacob will regain territory
from those who took it from them. 3+2

21 Then those saved on Mount Zion will go up
to govern Mount Esau, 4+3
And so the sovereignty will be Yahweh’s. 3

those saved的文本注释是:

MT mōshī‘îm, “saviors,” is to be revocalized with a number of scholars as a Hophal participle mûshā‘îm in accord with the passive in G S Aquila and Theodotion. This is preferable to postulating a Niphal nôshā‘îm with BHK, Deissler, etc. That a Hophal is not found elsewhere probably encouraged the interpretations of its letters as a Hiphil. The following phrase on Mount Zion qualifies the passive participle Halévy, Rudolph, Weiser) and is intended as a recapitulation of the first clause in v. 17.