本博客系列的目的
先强调一下汉语的特点,也就是这个系列特别注重的问题:
- 动词的时态、语态和主动/被动形式。
- 名词的单数和复数问题。
文本分析
不多说,直接上经文:
21 必有拯救者上到锡安山,审判以扫山;国度就归耶和华了。
这是俄巴底亚书的最后一节。老实说,我读了无数遍,一直没弄明白这句话的含义。
我总想,拯救者当然是指神了,按照希伯来诗歌的平行体看,也毫无问题。
但是,我想错了,这里的“拯救者”居然是复数!!!!
(ESV) 21 Saviors shall go up to Mount Zion to rule Mount Esau,
and the kingdom shall be the LORD’s.
NLT的翻译是:
21Those who have been rescued will go up to Mount Zion in Jerusalem
to rule over the mountains of Edom.
And the Lord himself will be king!”
希伯来文+英文直译:
连我这个半吊子希伯来文的井底之蛙、沙漠之蜥都知道,mo-shi.'Im
这个Im
是复数形式。
有更好的中文译本吗?
[当代译本修订本]
21拯救者必登上锡安山,
统治以扫山,
耶和华必做王掌权。”
[和合本修订版]
21必有一些解救者上到锡安山,审判以扫山,
国度就归耶和华了。
原注:“一些解救者”:七十士译本是“一些被救出的人”。
[新译本]
21必有拯救者登锡安山,
审判以扫山,
国权就属于耶和华了。
[中文标准译本]
注:旧约还没有出版。
重要的技术性注释,作者都会自己翻译原文。下面给出最佳圣经注释指南网站上排名1-2的最佳俄巴底亚书注释——WBC和NICOT的翻译和文本注解。可以看到,顶尖的专家都倾向于“一些蒙拯救的人”,而不是译为“拯救者”。如果这里译为蒙拯救的人
,尽管单复数还是不明,但大概不需要加上“一些”,也能明白是复数了。
WBC的翻译和注释
WBC的翻译是:
21 Those who have been rescued will go up to Mount Zion
to rule over the mountains of Esau
And to Yahweh will belong the kingdom.
关于 who have been rescued
的文本注释是:
NICOT注释
NICOT把17节和21节放在一起,认为是前后呼应(后边的数字是希伯来文的音节数):
17 But on Mount Zion
those who escaped will continue,
and it will be sacrosanct. 2+2+2
The community of Jacob will regain territory
from those who took it from them. 3+221 Then those saved on Mount Zion will go up
to govern Mount Esau, 4+3
And so the sovereignty will be Yahweh’s. 3
对those saved
的文本注释是:
MT mōshī‘îm, “saviors,” is to be revocalized with a number of scholars as a Hophal participle mûshā‘îm in accord with the passive in G S Aquila and Theodotion. This is preferable to postulating a Niphal nôshā‘îm with BHK, Deissler, etc. That a Hophal is not found elsewhere probably encouraged the interpretations of its letters as a Hiphil. The following phrase on Mount Zion qualifies the passive participle Halévy, Rudolph, Weiser) and is intended as a recapitulation of the first clause in v. 17.